S Quest for Global Value Chain Essays

ECCO A/S Quest for Global Value Chain Essays ECCO A/S Quest for Global Value Chain Essay ECCO A/S Quest for Global Value Chain Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: ECCO A/S Quest for Global Value Chain ECCO is an organization set up by Karl Toolsbuy in Bredebro, Denmark in 1963. It was set up to deliver top notch shoes of different kinds unmatched universally as far as serious extent of artworks man boat and quality. The organization is guided by the vision to be â€Å"the most needed brand inside advancement and solace footwear† a position it conceives achieving through steady examination, representative preparing and profiting by its key regions of creation and item innovation (Nielsen et al., pg 48). This report investigates in the company’s worldwide worth chain the board and breaks down how it coordinates with the business drivers. ECCO has kept up a solid handle over the whole worth chain from conceal preparing to the real shoe handling. The organization through its different tanneries (situated in Netherlands, Thailand and Indonesia) buy the crude stows away and change them into various calfskin crude materials. What's more, the Netherlands tannery has a completely fledged exploration community ensuring modern examination and mastery on tanning. Its principle design is to investigate on ecologically agreeable tanning forms and imagine cutting edge ECCO shoes (Nielsen et al., pg 2 ). The pros appended in the exploration place offer preparing to different workers guaranteeing dispersal of new innovation and proficient creation aptitudes. This model likewise guarantees ease licensing new advancement ides. Also, the organization increases additional salary by selling the overflow calfskin to car and furniture ventures. The company’s creation process is separated into the accompanying center capacities: full-scale, benchmarking, increase, model and research facility creation. It is apparent from the extent of works of this capacities framework doesn't take into consideration specialization subsequently not profiting by improved productivity related with work division. The primary branch in Denmark seems, by all accounts, to be doing all the assignments from plan, model turn of events, marking and showcasing, and the on the whole all the innovative work. In addition, there is no away from of obligations between the various branches (Nielsen et al., 6). The full-scale creation process relies upon both human and machine power. The entire procedure takes approximately 30 minutes an unmistakable sign that the procedure is tedious henceforth costly. From creation, the dispersion and promoting is done halfway prompting strategic difficulties when providing merchandise under short notification partic ularly when the shoe request is without prior warning. Note that all the creation procedure is in-house. ECCO has opened up 26 deals auxiliaries universally and four global creation units with the ability to deliver comparable merchandise. This progression is planned for bringing down creation costs, in light of modest work underway territories, and spreading hazard. Be that as it may, this has prompted constrained specialization prompting wasteful creation techniques This association model doesn't wood screw well with the competitors’ creation models, who are commonly the business drivers. In the light of the piece of the overall industry scene, the contenders have enough monetary assets and specific work in the showcasing division to vanquish the market. This can be ascribed to the way that for a large portion of the ECCO contenders they have redistributed their creation regions. As outlined by Geox, which has redistributed its creation line to China, Vietnam and Indonesia yet it has set up quality control and coordinations observing focus in Italy (Nielsen et al., pg 10).. What's more, they have increased relative accomplishment due to packing in research accordingly creating of waterproof and breathable film. So as to spread hazard Geox is proposing to set a garments line to pad themselves from consumers’ value vacillations. The model of setting up creation houses in various nations appear to not yield any organic products as lai d out by the closeness underway issues among Clark and ECCO. Creation ought to be redistributed to self employed entities and quality checked to guarantee normalized items. Works refered to Prof. Nielsen B. B., Prof. Torben P., Prof. Pyndt J. â€Å"ECCO A/S-Global Value Chain Management.† Ivey Management Services 03 October 2008: PLo3. Print. â€Å"Clarks closes shoemaking in Somerset.† BBC.com, Inc., n.p. Web. Walk 2005

The Hindenburg Disaster

The Hindenburg Disaster The Hindenburg denoted the start and the finish of transoceanic carriers. This 804-foot airship loaded up with more than 7 million cubic feet of hydrogen was a most distinguished accomplishment of its age. At no other time or since has a bigger airplane taken off. Nonetheless, the blast of the Hindenburg changed the scene for lighter-than-air creates until the end of time. The Hindenburg is Engulfed in Flamesâ On May 6, 1937, the Hindenburg conveying 61 group and 36 travelers showed up hours bogged down at Lakehurst Naval Air Station in New Jersey. Harsh climate constrained this deferral. Pounded by winds and downpour, the specialty floated in the zone by most records for about 60 minutes. The nearness of lightning storms were recorded. The arrival of the Hindenburg with these kinds of conditions was against guidelines. In any case, when the Hindenburg started its arrival, the climate was clearing up. The Hindenburg appears to have been going at a genuinely quick speed for its arrival and for reasons unknown, the Captain endeavored a high arrival, being winched to the ground from a tallness of around 200 feet. Not long after the securing lines were set, a few observers revealed a blue gleam on the Hindenburg followed by a fire towards the tail area of the specialty. The fire was at the same time prevailing by a blast that immediately immersed the art making it collide with the ground killi ng 36 individuals. Onlookers viewed with sickening apprehension as travelers and group were scorched alive or bounced to their demises. As Herb Morrison declared for the radio, Its burst into flames.... Escape the way, kindly gracious my, this is terrible...Oh, the humankind and all the travelers. The day after this ghastly catastrophe happened, the papers began estimating about the reason for the calamity. Up until this occurrence, the German Zeppelins had been protected and profoundly fruitful. Numerous speculations were discussed and explored: harm, mechanical disappointment, hydrogen blasts, lightning or even the likelihood that it was shot from the sky. On the following page, find the significant hypotheses of what occurred on this decisive day in May.â The Commerce Department and the Navy drove the examinations concerning the Hindenburg fiasco. In any case, the Federal Bureau of Investigation additionally investigated the issue despite the fact that it actually had no locale. President FDR had requested that every legislative office participate in the examination. The FBI records discharged about the occurrence through the Freedom of Information Act are accessible on the web. You should download Adobe Acrobat to peruse the documents. Hypotheses of Sabotage The hypotheses of treachery started to surface right away. Individuals accepted that possibly the Hindenburg had been subverted to hurt Hitlers Nazi system. The damage hypotheses focused on a bomb or something to that affect being set on board the Hindenburg and later exploded or some other kind of treachery performed by somebody ready. Administrator Rosendahl of the Department of Commerce accepted that damage was the guilty party. (See p. 98 of Part I of the FBI reports.) According to a Memorandum to the Director of the FBI dated May 11, 1937, when Captain Anton Wittemann, the third in order of the Hindenburg, was addressed after the catastrophe he said that Captain Max Pruss, Captain Ernst Lehmann and he had been cautioned of a potential episode. He was told by the FBI Special Agents not to discuss the notice to anybody. (See p. 80 of Part I of the FBI reports.) There is no sign that his cases were ever investigated, and no other proof emerged to help damage. Conceivable Mechanical Failure A few people highlighted a potential mechanical disappointment. A significant number of the ground group later met in the examination showed that the Hindenburg was coming in excessively quick. They accepted that the aircraft was tossed into a full opposite to slow the art. (See p. 43 of Part I of the FBI archives.) The hypothesis emerged this may have caused a mechanical disappointment which started a fire making the hydrogen detonate. This hypothesis is bolstered by the fire at the tail area of the art yet very little else. The Zeppelins had an extraordinary reputation, and there is minimal other proof to help this hypothesis. Was It Shot From the Sky?â The following hypothesis, and presumably the most amazing, includes the zeppelin being shot from the sky. The examination concentrated on reports of a couple of tracks found close the rear of the landing strip in a confined territory. Be that as it may, there were various individuals available to watch the stunning occasion of the Hindenburg arrival so these impressions could have been made by anybody. Truth be told, the Navy had gotten two or three young men who had sneaked into the landing strip from that course. There were additionally reports of ranchers taking shots at different airships since they disregarded their homesteads. A few people even guaranteed that satisfaction searchers killed the Hindenburg. (See p. 80 of Part I of the FBI reports.) Most individuals excused these allegations as drivel, and the conventional examination never validated the hypothesis that the Hindenburg was shot from the sky. Hydrogen and the Hindenburg Explosion The hypothesis that picked up the most prominence and turned into the most generally acknowledged included the hydrogen on the Hindenburg. Hydrogen is an exceptionally combustible gas, and a great many people accepted that something made the hydrogen flash, in this manner causing the blast and fire. Toward the start of the examination, the thought emerged that the drop lines conveyed friction based electricity back up to the carrier which caused the blast. Notwithstanding, the head of the ground group denied this case by the way that the securing lines were not conveyors of friction based electricity. (See p. 39 of Part I of the FBI reports.) More dependable was the possibility that the blue circular segment seen at the tail of the carrier not long before it burst into blazes was lightning and caused the explosion of the hydrogen. This hypothesis was validated by the nearness of the lightning storms detailed in the territory. The hydrogen blast hypothesis got acknowledged as the explanation behind the blast and prompted the finish of business lighter-than-air flight and the slowing down of hydrogen as a dependable fuel. Numerous individuals highlighted the combustibility of the hydrogen and addressed why helium was not utilized in the art. It is fascinating to take note of that a comparable occasion happened to a helium blimp the prior year. So what truly caused the finish of the Hindenburg? Addison Bain, a resigned NASA specialist and hydrogen master, accepts he has the right answer. He expresses that while hydrogen may have added to the fire, it was not the guilty party. To demonstrate this, he focuses to a few bits of proof: The Hindenburg didn't detonate yet consumed in various directions.The carrier stayed above water for a few seconds after the fire started. A few people report it didn't crash for 32 seconds.Fabric pieces tumbled to the ground on fire.The fire was not normal for a hydrogen fire. Truth be told, hydrogen makes no noticeable flames.There were no detailed releases; the hydrogen was bound with garlic to emit a scent for simple identification. Following quite a while of thorough voyaging and research, Bain revealed what he accepts is the response to the Hindenburg puzzle. His examination shows that the Hindenburgs skin was secured with the incredibly combustible cellulose nitrate or cellulose acetic acid derivation, added to help with unbending nature and optimal design. The skin was likewise covered with specks of aluminum, a segment of rocket fuel, to reflect daylight and shield the hydrogen from warming and growing. It had the further advantage of fighting mileage from the components. Bain claims these substances, albeit fundamental at the hour of development, straightforwardly prompted the fiasco of the Hindenburg. The substances burst into flames from an electric flash that made the skin consume. Now, the hydrogen turned into the fuel to the previously existing fire. In this way, the genuine guilty party was the skin of the blimp. The unexpected point to this story is that the German Zeppelin producers realized this i n 1937. A manually written letter in the Zeppelin Archive expresses, The genuine reason for the fire was the extraordinary simple combustibility of the covering material realized by releases of an electrostatic nature.

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week February 2014 Social Currency Ranking

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week February 2014 Social Currency Ranking Rankings come in all shapes and sizes, but can any ranking truly capture social cachet?  For a different perspective on the value of an MBA, we turn to the  New York Times  society pages, where the editors select and profile promising couples. Each month, we dedicate one B-School Chart of the Week to tallying how alumni from top-ranked business schools are advancing their social currency ranking.   Last month saw a lull in weddings, with just 56 total announcements in the New York Times society pagesâ€"and only six mentioned MBAs. Our aggregate tally of MBA wedding announcements in the Times for the year hit 17 in February, out of a total of 107. Wharton maintained the lead with two February mentions, raising its year-to-date total to four. Among them was the betrothal of Wharton alumnus Matthew Schwab and Harvard Business School alumna Diana Dosik. In addition, Columbia Business School added another announcement to its 2014 total, bringing its individual tally to three, with the marriage of alumna Morgan Satler, a marketing director for Lancôme, and Adam Greene, a partner at Robinson Brog Leinwand Greene Genovese Gluck. Darden, which had only three mentions in all of 2013, has already made an appearance in two wedding announcements for 2014, including most recently that of alumnus Christopher LaVine, a portfolio manager at Rational Group, who married Kathryn McLoughlin. Share ThisTweet B-School Charts

the Death of Benny Paret Rhetoric Anaylsis - 594 Words

There is a difference between dying an honorable and noble death and simply dying. It is the gap between trying and giving up and it is the sense of the unbearable pleasure that comes along with success. In Norman Mailer’s â€Å"The Death of Benny Paret†, the author witnesses a first-hand account of the tragic death of the boxer, Paret. Through many rhetorical devices, Mailer is able to have an effect on his audience, allowing them to feel the same horror. Mailer uses diction to mold the events in a biased and respectful way. Using words like â€Å"inspired† to describe the kind of shame that Paret was creating by loosing makes his failure seem less crucial. Again, the author makes euphemisms through his word choice by saying that Paret â€Å"[fought]†¦show more content†¦affected the

Racial Profiling is Institutionalized Racism Essay

On the night of February 4th 1999, Amadou Diallo, an unarmed and innocent African immigrant, was gunned down in a hail of 41 bullets while standing in the vestibule of his own apartment building in the Bronx. The officers responsible for Diallos death were part of New York Police Departments elite Street Crime Unit. The plain-clothes officers approached Diallo and pulled their weapons. When Diallo, probably believing they were thieves, pulled out his wallet, the elite officers opened a barrage of 41 bullets on the unarmed black man. nbsp; Witnesses and forensic evidence suggest that the officers fired a second round of shots after a brief pause and that Diallos frame absorbed a majority of the bullets after having hit†¦show more content†¦nbsp; In the past year alone, at least three unarmed black men (Diallo, Malcolm Ferguson, and Patrick Dorismond) were killed in New York City. In all three instances, police were acquitted of all charges. Kenneth Boss of the NYPD has been acquitted of two murders, Amadou Diallo (1999) and Peter Bailey (1997), and is still working as a police officer. nbsp; The Diallo incident is a clear model of how racism operates in this country. Racism is much more complex than feelings or acts of hatred toward another race; it is an institutionalized system of oppression, sharing similarities with sexism, classism, and homophobia but with distinct differences. This institutionalized effort creates an environment where four white men can lynch a Black man and be absolved of all guilt. nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; 1) the media plays a major role in the criminalization of Black people, creating stereotypes that are used to justify racial profiling. Diallos neighborhood isnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; portrayed as a cesspool and war zone, and the officers claimed that Diallo fit the description of a rapist in the Bronx; this was their excuse for approaching the victim with deadly force. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; 2) law enforcers in general abuse the unnecessary powers they are granted, with fatal results. Officers of the Street Crime Unit are trained to use excessive force in policing a community of color. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Show MoreRelatedI Can Find Racism Anywhere Politically956 Words   |  4 Pages2/21/16 Response Paper You can find Racism anywhere politically, in our government, schools, and especially in law enforcement as well as courts of law. There is a term for this that is called Institutionalized racism. It has been around for years, since the days of slavery in the United States and is still an ongoing issue today. Slavery forever created tensions in race relations in the United States. 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Analysis Of Death Of A Salesman, And Booker T....

The American Dream The Atlantic and Aspen Institute conducted a survey with Penn Schoen Berland to study how people viewed the American Dream in 2015. â€Å"72% said they are living the American Dream or expect to in their lifetime, 85% are happy with their lives overall, 72% are happy with their jobs, 86% are optimistic about the future, and 67% feel financially secure† (Feloni). One of the most memorable explanations of the American Dream was delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. for human equality. That said, the American Dream can be symbolized however the protagonist portrays and interprets it. Everyone’s opinion is a reality in their own eyes. This is factual in Arthur Miller’s play, â€Å"Death of a Salesman†, and Booker T. Washington’s speech, â€Å"The Atlanta Exposition.† The theme of both works uses a pathos approach to depict the obstacles they had to overcome in order to reach what they defined as the â€Å"American Dream.† The protagonists s hared similarities as it relates to social acceptance, but their stories part different motifs of business success, monetary value, human equality, and compromise in an antagonist American Dream. Social acceptance from being well-liked in general to simply fitting in with society as a colored person is vital in our world. Willy in â€Å"Death of a Salesman† is a husband, father of two boys, and an unsuccessful Salesman. He strives to gain materialistic things by means of charisma, because he believed that people would automatically respect and favorShow MoreRelatedProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesCanada 118 Riverview Children s Hospital 124 The Evolution of Project Management at Quixtar 145 3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CULTURES 151 Como Tool and Die (A) 153 Como Tool and Die (B) 157 Apache Metals, Inc. 160 Haller Specialty Manufacturing 162 The NF3 Project: Managing Cultural Differences 163 An International Project Manager s Day (A) 172 An International Project Manager s Day (B) (see handout provided by instructor) An International Project Manager s Day (C) (see handout provided by

Educational needs of children

Question: Discuss about the Educational needs of children. Answer: The Catholic Social Thought principles promote dignity and offers guidance on how to deal with the daily social issues. These principles are advocated with a view to analyze the social, political and economical influences and issues and aim to create a society that is fair and equal (Massaro, 2015). It encompasses seven principles in the Catholic Social Thought Teaching. Among the seven principles, the Life and Dignity of Human Person, Rights and Responsibilities and Care for Gods Creation are the principles related to Jake and Cooper story (Mel, 2015). Jake and Copper are 11 year old twins with autism who were deprived of schooling and development due to the disabilities. The special schools for children with behavioral disorders offer them education, however, the children are let down by the education systems and as a result they face serious shortfalls in continuing their education (Harrison, 2014). The schooling options are constrained for the children with disabilities and in th e meanwhile, the children lose valuable years of their education and development (Ballard, 2016). Even, if there are special schools for children, they have to suffer during their admission in the high schools. The parents also feel worried about their children as they think that they do not fit in the society. The children with disabilities require special care and support from the people around them (Riddell Watson, 2014). The Kilberry Valley Primary School by Victorian Department of Education and Training is a remarkable approach in which the children with disabilities and Jake and Cooper were benefitted by going to this school. The Catholic Social Thought Principles are associated with Jake and Copper. The principles describes the childrens future is in the hands of their parents or caregivers who would provide them a life of dignity, reason to live and optimism (Manning et al., 2015). The children with disabilities face social isolation and in the course of doing so, their inn ocent childhood is lost in deprivation and stigmatization. The life should have some hope with which a person would fight against all kinds of odds and struggles and finds an ultimate meaning of their living. The children are the biggest hope for a future generation and when their basic education and development is disrupted, the upcoming generations cannot survive happily. The children with disabilities require ample of support and help from their parents and caregivers so that they do not feel deprived and live their life with dignity like every other child (McConnell, Savage Breitkreuz, 2014). The story of educating Jake and Cooper is very inspirational and the main theme is related to the principles of Catholic Social Thought. The principles like Life and Dignity of Human Person, Rights and Responsibilities and Care for Gods Creation are related to Jake and Cooper story. The principle of Life and Dignity of Human Person proclaims that every life is sacred and dignity of a person is the foundation of a positive moral society (Yuen, 2014). It is the basic principle that defines the rest six principles. It is the responsibility of a nation and its people to protect the life and dignity of a person. Every human life is precious and people hold more importance than materialistic things. God has created the universe and every person is equal in his image. Similarly, Jake and Cooper, the autistic twins have every right to live their life with full dignity and acquire the basic educational rights. The children require special care and attention from the people around them and eve ry Samaritan should honor their life and contribute to their special needs (Groody, 2013). They have equal rights and access to every facility that a child of their age should have and they have equal rights to education. The principle of Rights and Responsibilities is also related to the life of Jake and Cooper. According to this principle, human rights needs to be protected and then only a healthy community could be established (Gehrig, 2015). It is the duty of every person to protect the dignity of other person and meet their responsibilities. In the same way, Jake and Cooper have every right to live their life with dignity and respect. They have equal rights to life and a fundamental right to education. Being autistic does not mean that they should be deprived of basic education. They have right to education and should not be subjected to social isolation. They have full right to those things that are required for their overall physical, mental and psychosocial well being. It is a persons prime duty to protect the rights of the disabled children like Jake and Cooper. The principle Care for Gods Creation explains that we must care for each and every thing created by God (Sison, Ferrero Guitin, 2016). It is the duty of every person to protect every human life and have faith in every Gods creation. There is a requirement for humans to care for the Gods creation and think that it belongs to the Lord (Dal Toso et al., 2015). It is not only protecting the environment but also caring for the other person. Jake and Cooper are also Gods creation and so depriving them is ultimately disrespecting Gods creation. The society has a responsibility towards these children in educating them and providing them support for their development and well being. The Catholic Social Thought describes that humans are social creatures. We are not created to live in isolation as we are communal creatures. We cannot survive alone and live in isolation. Therefore, a persons true meaning of life is the relationships they maintain in order to live in the society. The human dignity is understood in terms of relationships made with the society. Society precedes humans and living in society is a definition of how we are considered as relational beings (Thompson, 2015). The community plays an important role in shaping our personality and people profess their trust and faith by celebrating among the mass (Seidman, 2016). Jake and Coopers are disabled twin who were deprived of their education and basic development. The shortfall in their education as they were deprived of schooling showed that the childrens life is encompassed by the society and its behavior towards them. The social isolation suffered by the twins showed that their life is affected by the way the society behaved with them. Their life is greatly hampered by this isolation and also hampers their physical, emotional and mental well being. In CST, the common good, human flourishing, Golden Rule and Ubuntu are some of the principles that explain that humans are encompassed by community and they realize their rights and responsibilities in context to the community. The political, social and economical aspects directly influence human dignity and capacity of individuals to grow in the society. The common good in Catholic Social Teaching says that people are subjected to the welfare of the society and it is their prime responsibility (Tablan, 2015). The human flourishing is rooted in the principle of common good. The right to equal distribution of resources and opportunities and ensuring the basic needs of people define human flourishing. The quality of relationships humans create help them to flourish and in the course of doing so need each other. Ubuntu is an African word that defines that an individual is the direct reflection of the people around him and the relationships he make (Sison, 2016). The twins have every right to education and have equal opportunities that are required for their development. The law of reciprocity or Golden rule defines that a person should treat others as one wishes to treat oneself (Etzioni, 2014). The children should be treated in the same way as people wish others to treat them. The twins should be treated as other normal children and help them in seeking their basic rights to life and education. Therefore, the Catholic Social Thoughts comprises of themes that help people to lead a life with dignity while living in harmony with the community as a whole. References Ballard, K. (2016). Children and disability: Special or included.Waikato Journal of Education,10(1). Dal Toso, G., Pompey, H., Gehrig, R., DoleÃ… ¾el, J. (2015).Church Caritas Ministry in the Perspective of Caritas-Theology and Catholic Social Teaching. Univerzita Palackho v Olomouci. Etzioni, A. (2014). Communitarianism revisited.Journal of Political Ideologies,19(3), 241-260. Gehrig, R. (2015). Training and formation on Caritas-Theology (CT) and Catholic Social Teaching (CST).GP Dal Toso, H. Pompey, R. Gehrig J. DoleÃ… ¾el, Church Caritas Ministry in the Perspective of Caritas-Theology and Catholic Social Teaching Palack University, Olomuc, 91-123. Groody, D. G. (2013). A God of life, a civilization of love: Justice, mission, and Catholic social teaching.International Review of Mission,102(1), 17-29. Harrison, K. L. A. (2014).Increasing Child Compliance with Essential Healthcare Routines: Acquisition, Maintenance, and Generalization(Doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas). Manning, C., Tibber, M. S., Charman, T., Dakin, S. C., Pellicano, E. (2015). Enhanced integration of motion information in children with autism.Journal of Neuroscience,35(18), 6979-6986. Massaro, T. (2015).Living justice: Catholic social teaching in action. Rowman Littlefield. McConnell, D., Savage, A., Breitkreuz, R. (2014). Resilience in families raising children with disabilities and behavior problems.Research in developmental disabilities,35(4), 833-848. Mel, D. (2015). Virtues, values, and principles in Catholic social teaching. InHandbook of Virtue Ethics in Business and Management(pp. 1-13). Springer Netherlands. Riddell, S., Watson, N. (2014).Disability, culture and identity. Routledge. Seidman, S. (2016).Contested knowledge: Social theory today. John Wiley Sons. Sison, A. J. G. (2016). 6. Revisiting the common good of the firm.The Challenges of Capitalism for Virtue Ethics and the Common Good: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 93. Sison, A. J. G., Ferrero, I., Guitin, G. (2016). Human dignity and the dignity of work: Insights from Catholic social teaching.Business Ethics Quarterly, 1-26. Tablan, F. (2015). Catholic social teachings: Toward a meaningful work.Journal of Business Ethics,128(2), 291-303. Thompson, J. M. (2015).Introducing catholic social thought. Orbis Books. Yuen, M. Y. M. (2014).Toward an ethic of solidarity and reciprocity with the marginalized: Catholic and Confucian social ethics in dialogue. GRADUATE THEOLOGICAL UNION.

Your Paycheck vs. Your Conscience Should you Turn Down Unethical Projects - The Writers For Hire

YOUR PAYCHECK VS. YOUR CONSCIENCE: SHOULD YOU TURN DOWN UNETHICAL PROJECTS? You’ve probably seen those documentary-style anti-tobacco ads – the ones where a slick and smiling executive grills a series of job applicants about their qualifications. The questions start innocently enough – there’s usually a discussion about the applicant’s previous advertising work or basic office skills like typing or filing and then the interview takes a disturbing turn. --> It’s an interesting approach – instead of going with the obvious, â€Å"cigarettes-are-bad-for-you† rhetoric, Truth.com (known for its edgy, satirical anti-smoking commercials) skewers the companies that produce them, putting a face – and immaculately sculpted corporate hair – on Big Tobacco. Smoking may kill you, the ads imply, But Mr. $200 haircut over here – and anybody who works for him – helps pull the trigger. As you’d expect, all of the applicants are horrified. Some say no; others, apparently too stunned to speak, just shake their heads and fidget, treating viewers to several seconds of uncomfortable silence. This approach makes a basic assumption about us and our work: We stand behind what we sell (or manufacture, or do the bookkeeping for, or whatever). We want to do what’s right, even if it costs us an opportunity or two along the way. It’s a principle that, I think, most of us would like to embrace. But, in reality, do we? And, in today’s economy, should we? What do you do if you’re in, say, advertising – and a client wants you to fudge some statistics about her product’s results? Or you’re a designer and you could make some big bucks if you design a logo for a political group you don’t see eye-to-eye with. Or – and this one really happened to us – if you’re a copywriter and a client asks you to write fake testimonials for his website. Wintress posted a comment about that guy a couple of weeks ago – she (diplomatically) turned down the offer. We could have done the work, and gotten the accompanying paycheck, but she decided to take the high road because she felt it was wrong. But are there gray areas? If so, where are they? Is it, okay, for example, to make a chart, but pick only the data you want a customer to see? After all, you’re only likely to post good news about your company, or good testimonials about your service. On the other hand, there does seem to be a line somewhere along the way that some advertisers cross: Like when they only post health data from the scientist the client paid – and discard data from scientists who have told the company that their product may be dangerous. So, what do you think? Could you work on a project you felt was wrong on some level? Should we, as professionals, cherry-pick our clients based on what they stand for, or should we just be happy for the work? Where do you draw the line, and what do you do if a client wants you to cross that line? Even better: Have you ever been in this situation? We’d love to hear about it.

Sustainable development Essays

Sustainable development Essays Sustainable development Essay Sustainable development Essay Hotel industry in Pakistan makes a considerable part of the service sector. Globally the hotel industry has focused on training and human resource development to compete in the current business environment. The research was conducted to explore and find out how corporate mission and strategic goals can be achieved through corporate trainings in the hotel industry of Pakistan. Data from the targeted hotel industry were obtained through survey questionnaire and structured interviews of employees. Findings of this research show that trainings increase the performance of employees. A inning team Of employees can be created through a systematic approach to training and development. Finding of this research paper help the policy makers in hotel industry to implement the corporate training program as winning strategy to deliver excellent service. INSTRUMENT: A self-administered questionnaire was used for the collection of data from the representative sample of customers of hotels in three cities of Pakistan. The questionnaire comprises three sections. The first section detains the demographic profile of respondents. The second section Measures customers perception of the host hotel attributes throughout their stay. These attributes were selected for designing questionnaire after the review of literature. The third section was about the customers choice whether they would like to stay again in this host hotel or would like to switch to another hotel. It was required from the respondents to rate the host hotel attribute and the choice of their next stay on a five point Liker scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Respondents were asked to write the name of host hotel. After checking the profile of hotels, domestic and international hotels were differentiated. Results of responses of domestic and international guests were separately analyzed and conclusion is drawn by comparing them. Following research questions were developed in survey questionnaire in order to achieve the objectives of the study. 1. How the mission, strategic goals and organizational success can be achieved through Corporate trainings in hotel industry of Pakistan. 2. How can we make the corporate training cycle more efficient to improve employees performance. 3. What approaches are adopted to implement effective training programs in hotel industry in Pakistan? CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: Socio-Economic Variables Intervening Moderating Variables. FINDING/RESULTS: According to Abide Leila (2005), the role of hotel industry in service sector is important. Expectations of customers are constantly changing. Well-trained employees can enhance the corporate identity of the industry. Service quality can be enhanced through trainings. Performance of a hotel is directly related with the service quality. Well-informed and weltering employees can better understand customers demand. Shih Us- (2007) also concluded 180 that customers satisfaction depends upon the quality of service. According to Amaze-LU-Amaze Furan Hanoi (2013), trainings are important to make organizations profitable. Training and development programs enhance the know-how of employees into a strategic asset. Effective management of a training cycle leads to job satisfaction, motivation and commitment. Trainings promote employability at workplace. Benefits of training and development can be maximized by effective training need assessment process, training design, training evaluation and training delivery. A winning team of employees can be created through a systematic approach to training and development. Training plans should be designed to enhance the professional competencies corporate managers and other employees to promote a expansible, safe and an effective working environment. Employees need current knowledge and skills to perform their jobs. Technological changes and new innovative ways of doing business are the main issues. The hotel industry should develop training plans to achieve organizational goals, such as increased productivity, competitiveness and customer satisfaction. Faker LU FAQ al (2011) has concluded that training polishes skills and competencies of employees. Findings of this study also show that an excellent corporate cue True can be built through effective employees training and development programs. Corporate culture guides the behaviors of employees. Creation and development of a winning team is impossible without an effective training and development plans. Training and development increases the performance of employees. Raja GAG et al. , (2011) have also concluded that training and development initiatives have positive impact on organizational performance. Effective management of all the components of training process has greatly effect on employees and organizational performance. Training is an essential part of human resource management in hotel industry. The industry must have a well-established training and development yester. New development tools encourage employees and enhance their interest in new initiatives. New diagnostic strategies like application of appreciative inquiry generate motivation and interest across the organ action (Sally Watson, 2013). Findings show that training and development help to implement strategic organizational change. Future skills and competencies are analyzed and capabilities of employees redevelopment to avoid role ambiguity. Trued HO. Anger S. , (2013) has also concluded that skills development of management and employees are essential during change to intro the uncertain environment. Training and development programs should be aligned with corporate business strategies. Anna Macedon (2013) has concluded that employers should themselves 181 provide the direction for training and development programs. Good and effective training and development programs establish employer and employees relationship. We find the following results from finding. Priority of local and national economy. The lack of infrastructure to support sustainable tourism development. Sustainable development policy focus. Structure of public administration system. Lack of awareness. The findings of this research also indicate that instilling sustainability in resort and hotel developments in developing country like Malaysia may prove to be a challenging and difficult process. Without the introduction of strong development method and strategy, and without understanding and addressing the various challenges that have been discussed in this research, it may a daunting task to make tourism accommodation facilities more accountable towards environment, social benefits and local economic development.

How is the Enlightenment connected to the Scientific Revolution Essay

How is the Enlightenment connected to the Scientific Revolution - Essay Example People thought the globe was the midpoint of the cosmos (Bacon 1960). That meant that the moon, planets, and the sun revolved around the earth. Europeans used ideas based on the physical world while Romans and Greeks believed in the Bible. However, attitudes changed in the mid 1500. A spirit of curiosity gave rise to a scientific revolution (Burns 2003). Scholars were willing to question old ideas and the level of focus was improved with much observation. Europeans were leading in the exploration leading to discovery of new lands and the establishment of universities. Francis Bacon, an English writer, assisted in fostering this approach. He urged scientists to base their opinions on what they could see in the world (Bacon 1960). R. Descartes used mathematics and logic to exert his immense influence. In the mid 1600, Isaac Newton established the law of gravity. He used mathematics to show the law of gravity controlled the motion of the planets and objects on earth (Burns 2003). Paris became the European cultural center in 1700 (Oslar 2000) where people from the entire Europe gathered to new ideas about enlightenment. Marie Therese became popular for hosting and funding ideas on enlightenment. According to the letters by Isaac Newton, religion and uniqueness were necessary for innovation. In the letters, Newton said that the discovery came as a result of patient thought. The letters contained significant propositions but were imperfect in some parts. According to Isaac Newton, no matter how matter was scattered, it would be infinitely attracted towards the center (Hankins 1985). This meant that at the center there would have a particle that is attracted to all other particles at equal measure (Goodman 1973). This became known as a state of perfect equilibrium. According to the observations of the great instauration by Francis Bacon, human intellect is responsible for its own challenges and difficulties (Oslar 2000). Therefore, man should use the help at his dispo sal to address the difficulties that he faces. This exposed the levels of ignorance and the damage it causes to the quality of life. He argued that through human efforts and determination life can be restored to the perfect condition or reduced to better condition that it is now (Burns 2003). Mathematics and philosophy grew so rapidly that the two had to be separated (Sax 2001). The impact is still being felt today. Scientist came to know that observing and explaining would help them in discovering the natural laws. The scientific method became increasingly prominent (Portar 2001). The discovering had an impact on education in all levels. As more people trained in science and physics, technology advanced and new technologies were discovered. Enlightenment had unprecedented impact in the quality of life (Goodman 1973). Complicated farm machinery and textile industry were discovered causing scientific and the industrial revolution (Sax 2001). Scientific revolution sought a break from a religious and theological approach to life (Hankins 1985). In medieval times, society was largely governed by church views and traditions which discouraged open-mindedness (Oslar 2000). Enlightenment was a movement that challenged people to think and make independent decisions. Newton, Descartes and Priestly played a significant role in the discovery of sextants slide rule and

Evidence base practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Evidence base practice - Essay Example However, in some cases, the wrong prescription may not only make the patient fail to recover from the ailment, it may also lead to a further worsening of the ailment. Determination of the methods of prescriptions is usually significant in the application of treatment strategies aimed at treating mental problems. The treatment of the patient from the ailments is usually highly dependent on the treatment strategies that are employed by the medical practitioner. The medical practitioner therefore needs to clearly understand the effectiveness of the treatment strategies so as to know which strategies to apply in order to lead to the effective and quick recovery of the patients. Moreover, the medical practitioner needs to explicitly understand the different dimensions of the issue that he or she is trying to treat in order to device the treatment strategies effectively. A clear understanding of the dimensions would also help the medical practitioner, to effectively comprehend what the pat ient is going through. Thus, by putting himself or herself in the position of the patient, he or she can apply his medical concepts to achieve excellent results in the application of his treatment strategies. The application of the above practices by medical practitioners and other relevant parties is well defined by what is known as evidence based practice. Evidence based practice Evidence based practice can be simply defined as the use of certain treatment strategies preferentially based on research findings to help solve certain problems, mostly psychological, which the society may be faced with (Gowing, p.27). The use of the treatment strategies is usually backed with statistical evidence of the success of the treatment strategies on different people. Evidence base practice is usually applied in various fields, which include medicine, criminology, psychology and marriage and family therapy. Evidence based practice is a practice which has developed only recently and is necessitat ed by the failure of some of strategies, which are considered effective in helping to treat various psychological and mental conditions in the society. By using the evidence-based practice, the medical practitioners can apply the strategies, which have been proven most effective in their application for the treatments. The strategies used by the medical practitioners do not necessarily have to be the same; they usually vary from one individual to the other. This is because different medical practitioners have their own methods of dealing with different ailments to achieve the desired results. This medical concept is widely acknowledged by many medical practitioners and bodies that deal with medicine as an effective strategy in the treatment of people who suffer from various mental disorders. Evidence based practice in domestic violence Domestic violence is among the most common forms of problems, which psychologists and marriage counselors are usually faced with. Different countries usually have programs to help in treatment of problems, especially on people who have been convicted of the offence. The success of these programs is usually very low as their administration usually disregards the research evidence on the important strategies that the programs must use. The strategies to employ are mainly dependent on the causative factors of domestic violence. Evidence based practice can effectively be used to determine the causes of domestic viol

Adolescence psychology Essay Example for Free

Adolescence psychology Essay Thermostat concept. Early vs. Late puberty whether if it effects males or females differently, eating disorders, cognitive changes (adolescence brain, the different structures, frontal cortex, limbic system) Impacts of these changes, problem solving, risk taking, changes in intellect , social transitions (elongation of adolescence, a new concept during the industrial revolution) legal implications of adolescence, clarity vs. continuity, Discontinuous Society. What is changing in adolescence in their environment and family. Parenting styles. Sibling difference and family structure. Authoritative (high responsiveness high demandingness) responsible, confident, adaptive, creative, more curious, socially skilled and successful in school Authoritarian (low responsiveness high demandingness) dependent, passive, less socially adept, confident, curious Indulgent (low responsiveness, high demanding) less mature, irresponsible, more conforming and less apt leaders Indifferent (low responsiveness low demand) delinquent behavior sex drugs, and alcohol Parenting and Temperament Same Parenting+ different temperament different outcome Adolescence also elicit different parental strategies and behaviors. With greater maternal control adolescence are less likely to be delinquent. Ethnic Differences in Parenting Styles Authoritative parenting less prevalent among Black, Asian, or Hispanic families than among white families in the U. S Beneficial effects are found for all ethnic groups Why? Could it ever be beneficial, Use caution in interpreting Adverse effects greater fro white adolescents than for ethnic minorities Autonomy Attachment in the Family Those who assert their own opinions: -higher self-esteem -more mature coping Those with little autonomy -risk for depression, low self-esteem Adolescents who dont feel connected more likely to develop behavior problems Early Adolescence: Sibling Conflict increases During Adolescence siblings become -more equal -more distan less emotionally intense Quality of par-child relationship Quality of sibling relationship Relationships with peers Same -sex vs. Mixed-sex Siblings Mixed-sex less close during early adolescence; more closer later Genes vs. Envir: Sibling Differences Two types of environmental influences shared environmental influences non-shared environmental influence Siblings may have different family experiences treated differently by parents perceive similar experiences in different ways Different peer groups/nonshared 75% of treatment(tx)by parents is similar between kids Differences are okay unless unfair Causes strain on sibling relationship, tx of siblings different but well: Better relationships, decrease rivalry Sibling deidentification trying to distinguish self from sibling can also diminish eelings of competition

U.S Involvement in the Vietnam War :: Vietnam War Essays

U.S Involvement in the Vietnam War "No new taxes." This is a quote that most all of us remember from the 1992 presidential election. Along with it we remember that there were new taxes during that presidents term in office. There are a myriad of promises made and things done in a presidential election year that have questionable motives as to whether they are done in the best interest of the people or in the interests of the presidential candidate. These hidden interests are one of the biggest problems with the political aspects of government in modern society. One of the prime examples of this is the Vietnam War. Although South Vietnam asked for our help, which we had previously promised, the entire conflict was managed in order to meet personal political agendas and to remain politically correct in the world's eyes rather than to bring a quick and decisive end to the conflict. This can be seen in the selective bombing of Hanoi throughout the course of the Vietnam War. Politically this strategy looked very good. However, militarily it was ludicrous. War is the one arena in which politicians have no place. War is the military's sole purpose. Therefore, the U. S. Military should be allowed to conduct any war, conflict, or police action that it has been committed to without political interference or control because of the problems and hidden interests which are always present when dealing with polit United States involvement in the Vietnam War actually began in 1950 when the U. S. began to subsidize the French Army in South Vietnam. This involvement continued to escalate throughout the 1950's and into the early 1960's. On August 4, 1964 the Gulf of Tonkin incident occurred in which American Naval Vessels in South Vietnamese waters were fired upon by North Vietnam. On August 5, 1964 President Johnson requested a resolution expressing the determination of the United Sates in supporting freedom and in protecting peace in southeast Asia ( Johnson ). On August 7, 1964, in response to the presidential request, Congress authorized President Johnson to take all necessary measures to repel any attack and to prevent aggression against the U. S. in southeast Asia ( United States ). The selective bombing of North Vietnam began immediately in response to this resolution. In March of the following year U. S. troops began to arrive. Although the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution specifically stated that we

America Outsourcing

Outsourcing has been a subject of debate in the world's developed countries with questions on whether it should be regulated. This follows the effect that outsourcing has had on the economies of host countries. Top in the agenda is the loss of jobs to outsourcing which has led to income inequality and joblessness in the host countries.The benefits of outsourcing however remain significant in these economies earning large amounts of revenue. To illustrate this facts, the case of General Electric will be used to analyze the role that outsourcing has played in the U. S economy.Impact of outsourcing on GE and their decision to have multiple outsourcing partnerships.General Electric (GE) has placed strong emphasis on expanding their business to international markets through outsourcing which has not only provided the company with huge revenues but also given it a strong command as the biggest company in the world by market specialization in 2004.Its international presence which has proved to be very powerful has given GE a competitive edge over other companies in the U.S which have not outsourced as expansively as it has. GE has benefited from the advantage of cheap human capital available to it in Asia, Mexico, India, China and other countries in which it ventured into.GE which specializes mainly in financial services, medical equipments, jet engines, plastic manufacture among others cannot at one time regret the decision to outsource to these countries as a result of the gains they have obtained. In India for example, the GE benefited from the large group of educated English speaking locals who provided inexpensive labor for the company.It is estimated that with two to four years experience a computer programmer in the US earned $62,000 while the same person earned $10,000 only in India.These reduced costs have fostered savings for the company giving it room to expand its activities even more. GE now boasts of its presence in over one hundred countries. Of the tot al revenue that GE earned in 2003, 45% came from the international markets which goes on to show that outsourcing has had a positive impact on the company.The company apart from benefiting in cheap labor imported materials from its home country, processed it in the subsidiaries and then sent it back to the country. The effect of this is that the production costs were reduced and the products were sold t the same price. The foreign countries also provided market for the products as well as supply of cheap and available materials.The decision for GE to have multiple outsourcing partnerships can mostly be attributed to the gains in cost cutting it was bound to benefit from such kind of arrangements. Consider that GE earns 45% of its revenue from foreign subsidiaries. This is the major reason for GE to continue outsourcing to maintain a significant flow in its revenues.As stated earlier, GE stands to obtain numerous advantages from investing in the foreign countries through outsourcing. It comes in as the nature of business to take advantage of available resources and making the maximum use of them to obtain maximum benefits.GE through outsourcing has established international partnership and it stands to gain a lot in terms of profits and reduction of costs. In the case of Mexico, the government provided for duty free import of raw materials, testing equipment, telecommunication equipments, tools and machinery. This was aimed at increasing foreign direct investment of the country which would in turn benefit from the improvement in infrastructure ad an increased job market for its citizens Warden, S. (2002: 124-133).GE was hardly affected by the income tax law which also provided for refunds on money used to export products by GE from Mexico to U.S (Vietor, 2007: 4). As a result of the huge savings made, the company advanced at a high rate establishing many plants in Mexico producing electronic motors, capacitors and lighting devices.

Experimental Report H7 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1276 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/14 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Experimental Report Aim The objective of the laboratory report was to determine the thermal expansion coefficient of copper and other materials by measuring the relative change in length of bars of the materials as a function of temperature. Introduction The average coefficient of thermal expansion ? over a temperature interval ? T is given by ?L / L0 = ? T Where L0 is the length at some initial temperature, and ?L is the change in length corresponding to a change in temperature ? T. Therefore the thermal expansion coefficient can be determined from the slope of a graph of the relative change in length ? L/L0 versus temperature change ? T. Experimental Method 1. A small amount of water was placed in the copper kettle (there was enough water so it did not take all day for it to boil, and not too little so it would have boiled dry). The kettle was placed on the tripod with an asbestos mat and heated with the bunsen burner. 2. The rest of the apparatus was set up as shown below. kettle test material bunsen burner Figure 1. Apparatus showing the set up and items used for the experiment. 3. The dial gauge was observed to understand how to read it. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Experimental Report H7" essay for you Create order The initial length Lo was marked on the apparatus, and the room temperature. 4. When the water boiled the temperature of the bar was noted with the thermocouple thermometer and the dial gauge reading was also noted. These are the initial conditions taken. 5. The bunsen burner was then turned off. 6. As the bar cooled, the temperature was noted as well as the dial gauge reading every ten degrees. From this the calculation of the change in length ? L and change in temperature ? T from the initial conditions were done. 7. A graph of ? L/Lo versus ? T was then plotted. The thermal expansion coefficient ? was then found from the slope of the graph. 8. The stop screw was undone on the non-dial gauge end of the steam jacket, (reference to Figure 1was used, and the test rod was then carefully removed). Replacing with another test rod, steps (3) to (7) were repeated. Results Material | Aluminum| Temp (? C)| Extension (mm)| ? L/Lo| ? T (? C) | 96. 6| 0. 50| 1. 515 * 10-3| 71. 6| 86. 6| 0. 4607| 1. 264 * 10-3| 61. 6| 76. 6| 0. 378| 1. 145 * 10-3| 51. 6| 66. 6| 0. 30| 0. 909 * 10-3| 41. 6| 56. 6| 0. 22| 0. 667 * 10-3| 31. 6| 46. 6| 0. 48| 0. 449 * 10-3| 21. 6| 36. 6| 0. 07| 0. 212 * 10-3| 11. 6| 29. 5| 0. 025| 0. 076 * 10-3| 4. 5| Table 1. Results from the experiment of aluminum Material | Copper| Temp (? C)| Extension (mm)| ? L/Lo| ? T (? C) | 97. 5| 0. 36| 1. 091 * 10-3| 75. 2| 87. 5| 0. 32| 0. 970 * 10-3| 65. 2| 77. 5| 0. 27| 0. 818 * 10-3| 55. 2| 67. 5| 0. 222| 0. 673 * 10-3| 45. 2| 57. 5| 0. 177| 0. 536 * 10-3| 35. 2| 47. 5| 0. 13| 0. 393 * 10-3| 25. 2| 37. 5| 0. 092| 0. 279 * 10-3| 15. 2| 30. 5| 0. 052| 0. 158 * 10-3| 8. 2| Table 2. Results from the experiment of copper Data analysis To find the coefficient of thermal expansion, the change in length is divided by the initial length. This is shown by the formula: ? L/Lo Example from the results of Aluminum: 0. 5mm / 330mm = 1. 515 x 10-3 The results are shown above in Tables 1 and 2. See appendix for graph of Thermal Expansion ? L/Lo vs. ?T Experimental Discussion Problem (1) In order to find if the expansion gaps have closed up you need to find how much the material will expand at the temperatures given. To calculate this certain data of the material is needed. The material has an expansion coefficient of 20 x 10-6 ? C Each beam member of the bridge is 50m long with a cross sectional area of 5m2. To find the thermal expansion of the beam is can be expressed linearly. ? L = L0  ? (t1   t0)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (1) where ? L = change in length (m) L0  = initial length (m) ? =  linear expansion coefficient (m/m ? C) t0  = initial temperature  (? C) t1  = final temperature  (? C) ? L = 50m x (20 x 10-6 ? C) x (60 ? C – 20 ? C) ? L = 0. 04m ? L = 4cm At a temperature of 60 ? C and with the bridge members being gapped 2cm apart the expansion gaps will close up and then compression on both members will take place. The expansion gaps will close up at 30 ? C. The bridge expands linearly 1cm with a change of temperature of 10 ? C (2) To calculate the stress set up on the bridge after the expansion gaps close up it is necessary to use the elastic modulus and the stress and strain calculations. Each beam member of the bridge is 50m long with a cross sectional area of 5m2. It has an elastic modulus of 2 x 1011 Pa Strain Strain can be expressed as strain = ? L / L where strain  = (m/m) ? L  = elongation or compression (offset) of the object (m) L  = length of the object (m) Stress Stress can be expressed as stress = F / A here stress  = (N/m2) F  = force (N) A  = area of object (m2) Youngs Modulus (Tensile Modulus) Youngs modulus or Tensile modulus can be expressed as E = stress / strain = (F / A) / (? L / L) where E = Youngs modulus (N/m2) Firstly use the formula for strain = ? L / L = 0. 06m / 50m = 1. 2 x 10-3 Next Young’s modulus E = stress / strain = (F / A) / (? L / L)   Re arrange the values to get the force therefore Force = E x Strain x Area = (2 x 1011) x (1. 2 x 10-3) x 5m2 = 12 x 109 = 1. 2 GN (3) If this bridge was in the design stage, it would be recommended to increase the gap of the bridge members. This gap would need to be more than 8cm if they were not to touch. Question 1 Copper has an expansion coefficient of 1. 7 x 10-5 ? C The beam is 7m long Initial temperature is 20 ? C Final temperature is 60 ? C ? Temperature is 40 ? C Expansion of Copper pipe = 7m x (1. 7 x 10-5) x 40 ? C = 0. 00476m = 0. 476mm Polythene pipe has an expansion coefficient of 200 x 10-6 With the beam at the same length and the change in temperature being the same the expansion of the pipe would be: Expansion of Polythene pipe = 7m x (200 x 10-6) x 40 ? C = 0. 056m = 0. 6mm This shows that it expands more than the copper pipe and would therefore not provide the smallest space between the pipe and the wall. Question 2 All piping systems will expand and contract due to temperature changes. Changes in temperature tend to cause a change in dimensions of any matter. The allowance of moderate change in length of an installed piping system is needed as a consequence of a temperature change is generally benefic ial, regardless of the piping material, in that it tends to reduce and redistribute the stresses that are generated should the tendency for a dimensional change be fully restrained. The main way to avoid damage or without creating a wide cavity in the wall is with the typical expansion loop as seen in Figure 2. Expansion loops are periodically placed in long pipelines subject to wide temperature changes, such as steam lines and the Alaska oil pipeline. These loops absorb changes in pipe length and thereby mute and redistribute the large stresses that would result if pipe thermal movements had been physically restrained. Similar measures for safely absorbing thermal expansion/contraction reactions need to be taken with thermoplastic piping systems or within the case of the copper piping next to the wall. Figure 2. Expansion loop. Summary Understanding thermal expansion is very important as it can impact on every kind of material. From the experiment and the results produced is it clear that as there is an increase in temperature of a material, there will be an increase in length of the material. One particular way it can increase is linearly as shown above in the Tables 1 and 2 and also in the graph Thermal Expansion ? L/Lo vs. ?T. The expansion that is shown is due to the different expansion coefficients of each material. Some will expand more than others. From the results is it clear that aluminum has a large expansion coefficient due to the change in length in relation to temperature. There are also means that can be put in place to absorb changes in pipe length such as using expansion loops or bends. Overall the results that were produced support the expected relationships between the change of length of a material and temperature.